Though the level of terrorist activity directed by the CIA lessened in the second half of the 1960s, in 1969 the CIA was directed to intensify its operations against Cuba. It also sought to force the Cuban government to introduce intrusive civil measures and divert resources to protect its citizens from the attacks. A counter-revolutionary military, trained and funded by the CIA, Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow Castro's increasingly communist government. When he was captured, the Indonesian military found his personnel records, after-action reports, and his membership card for the officer's club at Clark Field. On August 16, a CIA sagaspins casino review paid mob led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini would spark what a U.S. embassy officer called "an almost spontaneous revolution" but Mosaddegh was protected by his new inner military circle, and the CIA had been unable to gain influence within the Iranian military.
The development of the U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, for instance, was done in cooperation with the United States Air Force. In spite of this, the Department of Defense announced in 2012 its intention to organize its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). This directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy, and budget between the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and the CIA. There are regional analytical offices covering the Near East and South Asia, Russia, and Europe; and the Asia–Pacific, Latin America, and Africa. The office was abolished in 1945 by President Harry S. Truman, who created the Central Intelligence Group in 1946. The CIA is responsible for coordinating all human intelligence (HUMINT) activities in the IC.
- There are regional analytical offices covering the Near East and South Asia, Russia, and Europe; and the Asia–Pacific, Latin America, and Africa.
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- On June 25, a CIA plane bombed Guatemala City, destroying the government’s main oil reserves.
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- Loftus Becker, deputy director of intelligence, was sent personally to tell Hart that the CIA had to keep the station open to save face.
- Mike McConnell, former Director of National Intelligence, was about to publicize an investigation report of outsourcing by U.S. intelligence agencies, as required by Congress.
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In 1949, Houston helped to draft the Central Intelligence Agency Act (Pub. L. 81–110), which authorized the agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures, and exempted it from most limitations on the use of federal funds. A major impetus for the creation of the agency was growing tensions with the USSR following the end of World War II. Its operational extension was known as the Central Intelligence Group (CIG), which was the direct predecessor of the CIA. Despite opposition from the military establishment, the State Department, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Truman established the National Intelligence Authority in January 1946. The task of the division called "Verbindungsstelle 61" of the German Bundesnachrichtendienst is keeping contact to the CIA office in Wiesbaden. A new handling caveat, USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes, used primarily on intelligence messages, indicates that the material can be shared with Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and New Zealand.
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U.S. Air Force General Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO) and the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Thus the two areas of responsibility for the CIA were covert action and covert intelligence. The change in leadership took place shortly after the start of the Korean War in South Korea, as the lack of a clear warning to the President and NSC about the imminent North Korean invasion was seen as a grave failure of intelligence. An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. military communications network. Special communications signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. The CIA was instrumental in the establishment of intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, including Germany's BND and Greece's EYP (then known as KYP).citation needed
Secret cables written by the US Ambassador to Brazil, Lincoln Gordon, confirmed that the CIA was involved in covert action in Brazil. The CIA and the United States government were involved in the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. Despite the damage done and civilians killed in the CIA's terrorist attacks, by the measure of its stated objective the project was a complete failure. He remained on the CIA's payroll until mid-1976, and is widely believed to be responsible for the October 1976 Cubana 455 flight bombing, killing 73 people – the deadliest instance of airline terrorism in the western hemisphere prior to the attacks of September 2001 in New York. Exile terrorists were still in the employ of the CIA in the mid-1970s, including Luis Posada Carriles. The terrorist activities carried out by agents armed, organized and funded by the CIA were a further source of tension between the U.S. and Cuban governments.
Congressional investigations
William J. Crowe, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, noted that the CIA "talked about the Soviet Union as if they weren't reading the newspapers, much less developed clandestine intelligence." In one particular case, the DOD had asked the CIA to identify military targets to bomb. During the war, CIA estimates of Iraqi abilities and intentions flip-flopped and were rarely accurate. In the weeks before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the CIA downplayed the military buildup.
These included a team of young CIA officers airdropped into China who were ambushed, and CIA funds being used to set up a global heroin empire in Burma's Golden Triangle following a betrayal by another double agent. Loftus Becker, deputy director of intelligence, was sent personally to tell Hart that the CIA had to keep the station open to save face. The CIA's station in Seoul had 200 officers, but not a single speaker of Korean. At the beginning of the Korean War, CIA officer Hans Tofte claimed to have turned a thousand North Korean expatriates into a guerrilla force tasked with infiltration, guerrilla warfare, and pilot rescue. The agency was unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, or the Soviet atomic bomb project.
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Fearing a loss of control, the military pulled its troops back five days later, and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi gave in to Mosaddegh's demands. Air Force Colonel James Kallis stated that CIA director Allen Dulles continued to praise the CIA's Korean force, despite knowing that they were under enemy control. After the war, internal reviews by the CIA corroborated Hart's findings. Cash was then distributed to Catholic Action, the Vatican's political arm, and directly to Italian politicians.
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- In 1997 the CIA’s new director George Tenet would promise a new working agency by 2002.
- Though the level of terrorist activity directed by the CIA lessened in the second half of the 1960s, in 1969 the CIA was directed to intensify its operations against Cuba.
- After Indonesia, Eisenhower displayed mistrust of both the CIA and its director, Allen Dulles.
- To force Slobodan Milošević to withdraw his troops from Kosovo, the CIA had been invited to provide military targets for bombings, wherein the agency’s analysts used tourist maps to determine the location.
- The OSS Patti mission arrived in Vietnam near the end of World War II and had significant interaction with the leaders of many Vietnamese factions, including Ho Chi Minh.
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Their estimates were the highest that could be justified, and they painted a picture of a growing Soviet military when the Soviet military was indeed shrinking. William J. Casey, a member of Ford's Intelligence Advisory Board, obtained Bush's approval to allow a team from outside the CIA to produce Soviet military estimates as a "Team B". President Gerald Ford created the Rockefeller Commission, and issued an executive order prohibiting the assassination of foreign leaders. Before Helms would leave office, he would destroy every tape he had secretly made of meetings in his office, and many of the papers on Project MKUltra.